Optimized experimental optical tomography of quantum states of room-temperature alkali-metal vapor

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new optical tomography method for quantum states in alkali-metal vapor, optimizing measurement strategies to improve fidelity and efficiency in state reconstruction.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel experimental technique for quantum-state tomography using polarization measurements and demonstrates optimization via conditional number analysis.

Findings

High-fidelity quantum-state reconstruction achieved

Optimization of measurement parameters improves reconstruction quality

Selective measurement repetition enhances accuracy

Abstract

We demonstrate a novel experimental technique for quantum-state tomography of the collective density matrix. It is based on measurements of the polarization of light, traversing the atomic vapor. To assess the technique's robustness against errors, experimental investigations are supported with numerical simulations. This not only allows to determine the fidelity of the reconstruction, but also to analyze the quality of the reconstruction for specific experimental parameters light tuning and number of measurements). By utilizing the so-called conditional number, we demonstrate that the reconstruction can be optimized for a specific tuning of the system parameters, and further improvement is possible by selective repetition of the measurements. Our results underscore the potential high-fidelity quantum-state reconstruction while optimizing measurement resources.