Liquid Droplet as Adaptive Material while Levitating via Coupling between Plasma and Kelvin Force

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel floating glycerol droplet stabilized by plasma and Kelvin forces, revealing adaptive, stimuli-responsive behavior with potential applications in quantum computing and railgun development.

Contribution

It introduces a new floating droplet system stabilized by plasma and Kelvin forces, combining experiments, analysis, and simulations to reveal its adaptive and stimuli-responsive properties.

Findings

Glycerol droplet can float and oscillate stably.

Stability arises from interaction of deformation, plasma, and Kelvin force.

Potential for simple, powerful railgun development.

Abstract

Fascinating in art and science, the ability to float is also captivating and relevant in practical applications, such as Penning and ion traps that are fundamental to quantum computing. In this work, we first reproduce the classic water bridge by glycerol and, as it breaks down due to thermal agitation, observe that a lump of glycerol with mass~2.5 g can float and exhibit near-periodic oscillations. Through experiments, finite element analysis, and simulations, we discover that the stability of the floating droplet is made possible by the interaction between three mechanisms: Deformation, Plasma, and Kelvin force. Note that glycerol cluster (GC) falls in the class of adaptive materials that can change their properties or behavior in response to varying environmental conditions, i.e., stimuli-responsive. Furthermore, the stimuli, modified by the deformation of GC, collaborate with it to create this unique simple, yet stable, floating system. Backed up by simulations, this process, operated by only a single pair of electrodes, holds the potential to develop a simple yet powerful railgun.