Hydrodynamics of $(1+1)$ dimensional fluid in the presence of gravitational anomaly from first order thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper develops a first order thermodynamic approach to analyze the hydrodynamics of a (1+1)-dimensional fluid with gravitational anomaly, providing an alternative to second order methods and exploring implications near black hole horizons.

Contribution

It introduces a first order thermodynamic framework for (1+1)-dimensional fluids with gravitational anomalies, contrasting with traditional second order approaches and applying it to black hole spacetimes.

Findings

First order thermodynamics effectively describes the fluid near horizons.

Unruh vacuum is suitable for this first order analysis.

The approach offers an alternative to anomaly cancellation methods.

Abstract

Considering ($1+1$)-dimensional fluid in presence of gravitational trace anomaly, as an effective description of higher-dimensional fluid, the hydrodynamics is discussed through a first order thermodynamic description. Contrary to the existing approaches which are second order in nature, the fluid velocity is identified through the auxiliary field required to describe the Polyakov action for the effective description of relevant energy-momentum tensor. The thermodynamic and fluid quantities, on a static black hole spacetime, are calculated both near the horizon as well as at the asymptotic infinity. The Unruh vacuum appears to be suitable one for the present analysis, in contrast to Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum which is consistent with second order description. As in anomaly cancellation approach to find the Hawking flux the Unruh vacuum is consistent with the required conditions, in reverse way we interpret this fluid description as an alternative approach to find these required conditions to calculate the same in anomaly cancellation approach.