The K-essence flow seen from the preferred frame $S_{V}$. A scalar field theory with Landau superfluid structure

TL;DR

This paper explores a scalar field theory with superfluid properties, proposing a universal minimum velocity linked to a preferred frame, which modifies relativity and offers insights into cosmological phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a deformed relativistic Lagrangian connected to K-essence, relating minimum velocity to Landau's critical velocity and cosmological concepts.

Findings

Universal minimum velocity coincides with Landau's critical velocity.

Deformed Lagrangian relates to K-essence theory.

Preferred frame explains cosmological and astrophysical phenomena.

Abstract

We study the hypothesis of deformation of the invariance of Lorentz transformations produced by the introduction of a universal minimum velocity relative to a preferred frame. Our goal with this job is to apply this hypothesis to superfluids and study its consequences relating the minimum velocity to the idea of a fluid, with superfluid properties. In previous works we related the minimum velocity to the cosmological constant and even to cosmic inflation. Soon we could generate a hypothetical superfluid capable of modeling with characteristics of a cosmological fluid with dark energy properties. The first excited state of this universal superfluid would be a preferred frame from which all other excited states are observed and then we would have a preferred frame $S_{V}$ associated with the critical Landau velocity, thus implying that the universal minimum velocity coincides with the critical Landau velocity, and the objects observed by the preferred frame are excited states of the superfluid. This coincidence between the concepts of minimum velocity and Landau's critical velocity makes Landau's critical velocity a type of limit velocity, modifying the usual causal structure of restricted relativity. Formulating the phenomena in this preferred frame would have the advantage of providing a simple explanation for astrophysical and cosmological phenomena linked to a causal structure, which emerges from this construction and is very similar to causal structures linked to Gordon geometry and acoustic tachyons. We build a deformed relativistic Lagrangian, demonstrate its relation with a K-essence Lagrangian and calculate the quantities associated with that Lagrangian. We also studied an irrotational fluid and verified the role of enthalpy associated with the minimum velocity structure.