Prethermal stability of eigenstates under high frequency Floquet driving

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that eigenstates of the time-averaged Hamiltonian in high-frequency Floquet systems have exponentially long fidelity lifetimes, revealing robust non-thermal behavior even as other states decay rapidly, with implications for Floquet engineering.

Contribution

It introduces a two-channel theory explaining fidelity decay in Floquet systems, highlighting the long-lived stability of eigenstates and the impact of quantum scars on non-thermal dynamics.

Findings

Eigenstates of the time-averaged Hamiltonian have exponentially long fidelity lifetimes.

Quantum scars lead to long-lived non-thermal behavior in certain initial states.

Fidelity decay is governed by interzone and intrazone channels, linked to heating timescales.

Abstract

Systems subject to high-frequency driving exhibit Floquet prethermalization, that is, they heat exponentially slowly on a time scale that is large in the drive frequency, $\tau_{\rm h} \sim \exp(\omega)$. Nonetheless, local observables can decay much faster via energy conserving processes, which are expected to cause a rapid decay in the fidelity of an initial state. Here we show instead that the fidelities of eigenstates of the time-averaged Hamiltonian, $H_0$, display an exponentially long lifetime over a wide range of frequencies -- even as generic initial states decay rapidly. When $H_0$ has quantum scars, or highly excited-eigenstates of low entanglement, this leads to long-lived non-thermal behavior of local observables in certain initial states. We present a two-channel theory describing the fidelity decay time $\tau_{\rm f}$: the interzone channel causes fidelity decay through energy absorption i.e. coupling across Floquet zones, and ties $\tau_{\rm f}$ to the slow heating time scale, while the intrazone channel causes hybridization between states in the same Floquet zone. Our work informs the robustness of experimental approaches for using Floquet engineering to generate interesting many-body Hamiltonians, with and without scars.