Duality between quantum channels and super-channels is basis-dependent

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the basis choice affects the duality between quantum channels and super-channels, providing conditions under which the established correspondences hold true.

Contribution

It identifies the necessary and sufficient basis conditions for the duality between quantum channels and super-channels to be valid.

Findings

Basis dependence of the channel-super-channel duality clarified

Conditions for basis validity of the correspondence established

Implications for quantum information processing methods

Abstract

The complete positivity vs positivity correspondence in the Choi-Jamio{\l}kowski-Kraus-Sudarshan quantum channel-state isomorphism depends on the choice of basis. Instead of the "canonical" basis, if we use, e.g., the Pauli spin matrices along with the identity as the basis for the space of bounded operators on the two-dimensional complex Hilbert space, this correspondence breaks down. A sufficient condition on the basis for validity of this correspondence is provided in the work of Paulsen and Shult~\cite{Paulsen}, which was later proven to be necessary by Kye~\cite{Kye}. A correspondence is also present between the space of super-maps and the tensor product of the spaces of the inputs and outputs of the same. In particular, a super-map is completely CP-preserving if and only if its Choi-type representation is completely positive (CP). This correspondence also depends on a specific choice of basis. In this work, we find the necessary and sufficient condition on a basis such that this correspondence holds true.