Effects of the quark flavour thresholds in the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quark flavour thresholds affect the calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, providing explicit relations and extended dispersion relations to improve accuracy.

Contribution

It introduces explicit formulas and extended dispersion relations that incorporate quark flavour thresholds into the evaluation of $a^{ ext{HVP}}_{m}$, enhancing the precision of theoretical predictions.

Findings

Quark flavour thresholds generate sizable additional contributions.

Extended dispersion relations account for heavy quark effects.

Implications for data-driven assessments of $a^{ ext{HVP}}_{m}$.

Abstract

The equivalent representations for the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a^{\text{HVP}}_{\mu}$ in the presence of the quark flavour thresholds are studied. Specifically, the explicit relations between the contributions given by the integration over a finite kinematic interval to $a^{\text{HVP}}_{\mu}$ expressed in terms of the hadronic vacuum polarization function, Adler function, and the $R$-ratio of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons are derived. It is shown that the quark flavour thresholds of the hadronic vacuum polarization function generate additional contributions to $a^{\text{HVP}}_{\mu}$ expressed in terms of the Adler function and the $R$-ratio and the explicit expressions for such contributions are obtained. The commonly employed dispersion relations, which bind together hadronic vacuum polarization function, Adler function, and $R$-ratio, are extended to account for the effects due to the quark flavour thresholds. The examined additional contributions due to the heavy quark thresholds to $a^{\text{HVP}}_{\mu}$ expressed in terms of the $R$-ratio appear to be quite sizable, that can be of a particular relevance for the data-driven method of assessment of the hadronic part of the muon anomalous magnetic moment.