Identifying downregulated hub genes and key pathways in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma using systems biology approach

TL;DR

This study used systems biology to identify key downregulated genes and pathways in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, revealing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.

Contribution

It is the first to integrate gene expression data and network analysis to pinpoint hub genes and pathways involved in HBV-related HCC progression.

Findings

Six downregulated hub genes identified, including IGF-1 and ESR-1.

Key pathways such as metabolic and PI3K-Akt signaling were repressed.

Several hub genes have prognostic significance in HCC.

Abstract

Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation without cirrhosis occurrence. Apart from the favorable effects of some antiviral drugs following tumor resection on the survival of HCC patients, the use of these agents is essential lifelong. Thus, designing the target-oriented therapeutic strategies to increase life expectancy in HCC patients would be very important. The present study aimed to identify downregulated hub genes and enriched pathways in HB-related HCC using a systems biology-based approach. Microarray data of GSE121248 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the cut-off criteria of adjusted p < 0.05 and Log Fold-change (FC) < -1.5 were selected. Then, the genes with the highest centrality were detected. Finally, the prognostic values of the hub genes were assessed. Six under-expressed hub genes with the highest interaction degree, Betweenness and Eigenvector centrality were including IGF-1, PTGS2, PLG, HGF, ESR-1 and CYP2B6. Among genes with high centrality, several genes including CYP2C9, ESR-1, CXCL2, CYP2C8, IGF-1, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CERPINE-1 and PXR were prognostic in HCC. The important repressed pathways were including metabolic pathways and PI3K-Akt and chemokine signaling pathways. The under-expression of several genes implicated in metabolism, differentiation and chemotaxis might be a hallmark of the progression of HCC that can be considered as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.