Diffuse neutrino background from past core-collapse supernovae

TL;DR

This paper reviews the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), emphasizing its significance for astrophysics and particle physics, and discusses recent developments and future prospects for its detection.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of DSNB calculation methods, recent experimental updates, and potential insights from future detections, including new physics scenarios.

Findings

Latest neutrino experiments may detect DSNB within a decade

DSNB offers insights into supernova mechanisms and neutrino properties

Future observations could reveal black-hole formation and non-standard neutrino interactions

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are among the most powerful explosions in the universe, emitting thermal neutrinos that carry away the majority of the gravitational binding energy released. These neutrinos create a diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), one of the largest energy budgets among all radiation backgrounds. Detecting the DSNB is a crucial goal of modern high-energy astrophysics and particle physics, providing valuable insights in both core-collapse modeling, neutrino physics, and cosmic supernova rate history. In this review, we discuss the key ingredients of DSNB calculation and what we can learn from future detections, including black-hole formation and non-standard neutrino interactions. Additionally, we provide an overview of the latest updates in neutrino experiments, which could lead to the detection of the DSNB in the next decade. With the promise of this breakthrough discovery on the horizon, the study of DSNB holds enormous potential for advancing our understanding of the Universe.