NIPD: A Federated Learning Person Detection Benchmark Based on Real-World Non-IID Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces NIPD, a new non-IID dataset for federated learning person detection from real-world IoT cameras, along with a benchmark to evaluate FL models in non-IID scenarios, advancing privacy-preserving smart city applications.

Contribution

The paper provides the first real-world non-IID IoT person detection dataset and establishes a federated learning benchmark for non-IID data, facilitating research in privacy-preserving edge AI.

Findings

NIPD dataset from five different cameras demonstrates real-world non-IID data challenges.

Benchmark results highlight the impact of non-IID data on federated person detection performance.

Open source platform enables further research on FL in IoT-based person detection.

Abstract

Federated learning (FL), a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning, has been rapidly applied in wireless communication networks. FL enables Internet of Things (IoT) clients to obtain well-trained models while preventing privacy leakage. Person detection can be deployed on edge devices with limited computing power if combined with FL to process the video data directly at the edge. However, due to the different hardware and deployment scenarios of different cameras, the data collected by the camera present non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID), and the global model derived from FL aggregation is less effective. Meanwhile, existing research lacks public data set for real-world FL object detection, which is not conducive to studying the non-IID problem on IoT cameras. Therefore, we open source a non-IID IoT person detection (NIPD) data set, which is collected from five different cameras. To our knowledge, this is the first true device-based non-IID person detection data set. Based on this data set, we explain how to establish a FL experimental platform and provide a benchmark for non-IID person detection. NIPD is expected to promote the application of FL and the security of smart city.