Control of the vortex lattice formation in coupled atom-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate in a double well potential: Role of atom-molecule coupling, trap rotation frequency and detuning

TL;DR

This paper investigates how atom-molecule coupling, trap rotation, and detuning influence vortex lattice formation in coupled atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates within a double well potential, revealing controllable vortex arrangements and hidden vortices.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical analysis of vortex control in coupled BECs, highlighting the roles of coupling strength, detuning, and rotation frequency in vortex lattice formation and hidden vortex stability.

Findings

Vortex spacing is controlled by atom-molecule coupling and detuning.

Rotation frequency determines the number of visible vortices.

Hidden vortices remain constant despite parameter variations.

Abstract

We study the vortex formation in coupled atomic and molecular condensates in a rotating double well trap by numerically solving the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii like equations. Starting with the atomic condensate in the double well potential we considered two-photon Raman photoassociation for coherent conversion of atoms to molecules. It is shown that the competition between atom-molecule coupling strength and repulsive atom-molecule interaction controls the spacings between atomic and molecular vortices and the rotation frequency of the trap is the key player for controlling the number of visible atomic and molecular vortices. Whereas the Raman detuning controls the spacing between atomic and molecular vortices as well as the number of atomic and molecular vortices in the trap. We have shown by considering the molecular lattices the distance between two molecular vortices can be controlled by varying the Raman detuning. In addition we have found that the Feynman rule relating the total number of vortices and average angular momentum both for atoms and molecules can be satisfied by considering the atomic and molecular vortices those are hidden in density distribution and seen as singularities in phase distribution of the coupled system except for the lattice structure where molecular vortices are overlapped with each other. It is found that although the number of visible/core vortices in atomic and molecular vortex lattices depends significantly on the system parameters the number of atomic and molecular hidden vortices remains constant in most of the cases.