Dynamic manipulation of graphene plasmonic skyrmions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a method for continuous and electrotunable manipulation of graphene plasmonic skyrmions, enabling precise control of their topological states for advanced photonic applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to continuously control graphene plasmonic skyrmions via Fermi energy and phase adjustments, overcoming previous discrete tuning limitations.

Findings

Fermi energy and phase control transform skyrmion topological states.

Simulation confirms continuous manipulation of skyrmion number.

Potential for integrated photonics device applications.

Abstract

With the characteristics of ultrasmall, ultrafast and topological protection, optical skyrmions has great prospects in application of high intensity data stroage, high resolution microscopic imaging and polarization sensing. The flexible control of the optical skyrmions is the premise of practical application. At present, the manipulation of optical skyrmions usually relies upon the change of spatial structure, which results in a limited-tuning range and a discontinuous control in the parameter space. Here, we propose continuous manipulation of the graphene plasmons skyrmions based on the electrotunable properties of graphene. By changing the Fermi energy of one pair of the standing waves and the phase of the incident light can achieve the transformation of the topological state of the graphene plasmons skyrmions, which can be illustrated by the change of the skyrmion number from 1 to 0.5. The direc manipulation of the graphene plasmons skyrmions is demonstrated by the simulation results based on the finite element method. Our work suggests a feasible way to flexibly control the optical skyrmions topological field, which can be used for novel integrated photonics devices in the future.