The Role of Magnetic Shear in Reconnection-Driven Flare Energy Release

TL;DR

This study investigates how magnetic shear in post-reconnection flare loops evolves during a solar flare and how it influences magnetic reconnection rates and particle acceleration, providing new observational insights into flare energy release mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces novel measurements of shear angles in flare loops using multiple techniques and links shear evolution to reconnection efficiency and particle acceleration.

Findings

Shear angle decreases from 60-70° to 20° during the flare.

Reconnection rate peaks before hard X-ray emission increases.

Efficient particle acceleration requires shear angles ≤ 40°.

Abstract

Using observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory's Atmosphere Imaging Assembly and the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, we present novel measurements of the shear of post-reconnection flare loops (PRFLs) in SOL20141218T21:40 and study its evolution with respect to magnetic reconnection and flare emission. Two quasi-parallel ribbons form adjacent to the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL), spreading in time first parallel to the PIL and then mostly in a perpendicular direction. We measure magnetic reconnection rate from the ribbon evolution, and also the shear angle of a large number of PRFLs observed in extreme ultraviolet passbands ($\lesssim$1 MK). For the first time, the shear angle measurements are conducted using several complementary techniques allowing for a cross-validation of the results. In this flare, the total reconnection rate is much enhanced before a sharp increase of the hard X-ray emission, and the median shear decreases from 60$^\circ$-70$^\circ$ to 20$^\circ$, on a time scale of ten minutes. We find a correlation between the shear-modulated total reconnection rate and the non-thermal electron flux. These results confirm the strong-to-weak shear evolution suggested in previous observational studies and reproduced in numerical models, and also confirm that, in this flare, reconnection is not an efficient producer of energetic non-thermal electrons during the first ten minutes when the strongly sheared PRFLs are formed. We conclude that an intermediate shear angle, $\le 40^\circ$, is needed for efficient particle acceleration via reconnection, and we propose a theoretical interpretation.