BaseSAP: Modular Stealth Address Protocol for Programmable Blockchains

TL;DR

BaseSAP introduces a modular, base-layer stealth address protocol for programmable blockchains, enabling enhanced privacy through customizable cryptographic layers and tested via prototype deployment on Ethereum test networks.

Contribution

We develop a flexible, modular stealth address protocol for blockchains that supports multiple cryptographic layers and demonstrate its effectiveness through prototype implementation.

Findings

Successful deployment on Goerli and Sepolia test networks

Cost analysis of stealth address transactions

Identification of security risks and attack vectors

Abstract

Stealth addresses represent an approach to enhancing privacy within public and distributed blockchains, such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Stealth address protocols generate a distinct, randomly generated address for the recipient, thereby concealing interactions between entities. In this study, we introduce BaseSAP, an autonomous base-layer protocol for embedding stealth addresses within the application layer of programmable blockchains. BaseSAP expands upon previous research to develop a modular protocol for executing unlikable transactions on public blockchains. BaseSAP allows for developing additional stealth address layers using different cryptographic algorithms on top of the primary implementation, capitalizing on its modularity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed protocol, we present simulations of an advanced Secp256k1-based dual-key stealth address protocol. This protocol is designed on top of BaseSAP and is deployed on the Goerli and Sepolia test networks as the first prototype implementation. Furthermore, we provide cost analyses and underscore potential security ramifications and attack vectors that could affect the privacy of stealth addresses. Our study reveals the flexibility of the BaseSAP protocol and offers insight into the broader implications of stealth address technology.