MBrain: A Multi-channel Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Brain Signals

TL;DR

MBrain introduces a self-supervised learning framework that models spatial and temporal correlations in brain signals, enabling effective pre-training of EEG and SEEG data for improved seizure detection without relying on costly labels.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel multi-channel SSL framework with graph-based spatial modeling and shift prediction tasks, unifying EEG and SEEG analysis.

Findings

Outperforms state-of-the-art SSL and unsupervised models in seizure detection

Effective on large-scale real-world EEG and SEEG datasets

Demonstrates potential for clinical deployment

Abstract

Brain signals are important quantitative data for understanding physiological activities and diseases of human brain. Most existing studies pay attention to supervised learning methods, which, however, require high-cost clinical labels. In addition, the huge difference in the clinical patterns of brain signals measured by invasive (e.g., SEEG) and non-invasive (e.g., EEG) methods leads to the lack of a unified method. To handle the above issues, we propose to study the self-supervised learning (SSL) framework for brain signals that can be applied to pre-train either SEEG or EEG data. Intuitively, brain signals, generated by the firing of neurons, are transmitted among different connecting structures in human brain. Inspired by this, we propose MBrain to learn implicit spatial and temporal correlations between different channels (i.e., contacts of the electrode, corresponding to different brain areas) as the cornerstone for uniformly modeling different types of brain signals. Specifically, we represent the spatial correlation by a graph structure, which is built with proposed multi-channel CPC. We theoretically prove that optimizing the goal of multi-channel CPC can lead to a better predictive representation and apply the instantaneou-time-shift prediction task based on it. Then we capture the temporal correlation by designing the delayed-time-shift prediction task. Finally, replace-discriminative-learning task is proposed to preserve the characteristics of each channel. Extensive experiments of seizure detection on both EEG and SEEG large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art time series SSL and unsupervised models, and has the ability to be deployed to clinical practice.