Quantum state preparation of gravitational waves

TL;DR

This paper presents a quantum circuit for efficiently encoding gravitational wave signals into qubits, significantly reducing gate costs compared to traditional methods, and demonstrates high-fidelity encoding through quantum simulation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum encoding method for gravitational waveforms that reduces gate complexity and combines quantum algorithms with classical-quantum generative models.

Findings

Up to four orders of magnitude reduction in gate cost for waveform encoding.

Achieved high-fidelity encoding of gravitational waveforms in quantum simulation.

Demonstrated effective use of quantum algorithms like Grover-Rudolph and quantum GANs.

Abstract

We detail a quantum circuit capable of efficiently encoding analytical approximations to gravitational wave signal waveforms of compact binary coalescences into the amplitudes of quantum bits using both quantum arithmetic operations and hybrid classical-quantum generative modelling. The gate cost of the proposed method is considered and compared to a state preparation routine for arbitrary amplitudes, where we demonstrate up to a four orders of magnitude reduction in gate cost when considering the encoding of gravitational waveforms representative of binary neutron star inspirals detectable to the Einstein telescope. We demonstrate through a quantum simulation, that is limited to 28 qubits, the encoding of a second post-Newtonian inspiral waveform with a fidelity compared to the desired state of 0.995 when using the Grover-Rudolph algorithm, or 0.979 when using a trained quantum generative adversarial network with a significant reduction of required gates.