Quantum coherent feedback control of an N-level atom with multiple excitations

TL;DR

This paper models and analyzes the dynamics of an N-level atom coupled with a cavity and waveguides, demonstrating how feedback control influences photon emission, stability, and multi-photon state generation in a quantum system.

Contribution

It introduces a linear control system model with delay for a cavity-QED system with multiple waveguides, revealing how feedback parameters affect quantum state stability and photon generation.

Findings

Eigenstates can be stabilized or destabilized by tuning coupling strengths.

Photon emission and stability depend on feedback loop length and coupling parameters.

Multi-waveguide coupling causes photon oscillations among waveguides.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of a quantum coherent feedback network, where an $N$-level atom is coupled with a cavity and the cavity is also coupled with single or multiple parallel waveguides. When the atom is initialized at the highest energy level, it can emit multiple photons into the cavity, and the photons can be further transmitted to the waveguides and re-interact with the cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) system. The transmission of photons in the waveguide can construct a feedback channel with a delay determined by the length of the waveguide. We model the dynamics of the atomic and photonic states of the cavity-QED system as a linear control system with delay. By tuning the control parameters such as the coupling strengths among the atom, cavity and waveguide, the eigenstates of the quantum system can be exponentially stable or unstable, and the exponential stability of the linear quantum control system with delay is related with the generation of single- and multi-photon states. Besides, when the cavity-QED system is coupled with multiple parallel waveguides, the emitted photons oscillate among different waveguides and the stability of quantum states is influenced by the feedback loop length and coupling strengths among waveguides.