Quantum feedback control of a two-atom network closed by a semi-infinite waveguide

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamics of a two-atom quantum network with semi-infinite waveguide feedback, analyzing photon states and stability influenced by delays, using linear control system theory.

Contribution

It introduces a delay-dependent coherent feedback model for a two-atom quantum network and applies control theory to analyze stability and photon state control.

Findings

Photon states can be controlled by feedback loop length and coupling strengths.

The quantum feedback network can be modeled as a linear control system with delays.

Delays significantly affect the stability and steady states of the system.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the delay-dependent coherent feedback dynamics by focusing on one typical realization, i.e., a two-atom quantum network whose feedback loop is closed by a semi-infinite waveguide. In this set-up, an initially excited two-level atom can emit a photon into the waveguide, where the propagating photon can be reflected by the terminal mirror of the waveguide or absorbed by the other atom, thus constructing various coherent feedback loops. We show that there can be two-photon, one-photon or zero-photon states in the waveguide, which can be controlled by the feedback loop length and the coupling strengths between the atoms and waveguide. The photonic states in the waveguide are analyzed in both the frequency domain and the spatial domain, and the transient process of photon emissions is better understood based on a comprehensive analysis using both domains. Interestingly, we clarify that this quantum coherent feedback network can be mathematically modeled as a linear control system with multiple delays, which are determined by the distances between atoms and the terminal mirror of the semi-infinite waveguide. Therefore, based on time-delayed linear control system theory, the influence of delays on the stability of the quantum state evolution and the steady-state atomic and photonic states is investigated, for both small and large delays.