600-GHz Fourier Imaging Based on Heterodyne Detection at the 2nd Sub-harmonic

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates 600-GHz Fourier imaging using heterodyne detection at the 2nd sub-harmonic, achieving high dynamic range and diffraction-limited resolution with a single-pixel detector.

Contribution

It introduces a heterodyne detection method at 600 GHz with a single-pixel Si CMOS TeraFET detector, enabling high dynamic range Fourier imaging at THz frequencies.

Findings

Achieved 60 dB dynamic range with 56 μW power at 600 GHz.

Attained lateral resolution better than 0.5 mm at the diffraction limit.

Successfully recorded the entire accessible Fourier spectrum in test measurements.

Abstract

Fourier imaging is an indirect imaging method which records the diffraction pattern of the object scene coherently in the focal plane of the imaging system and reconstructs the image using computational resources. The spatial resolution, which can be reached, depends on one hand on the wavelength of the radiation, but also on the capability to measure - in the focal plane - Fourier components with high spatial wave-vectors. This leads to a conflicting situation at THz frequencies, because choosing a shorter wavelength for better resolution usually comes at the cost of less radiation power, concomitant with a loss of dynamic range, which limits the detection of higher Fourier components. Here, aiming at maintaining a high dynamic range and limiting the system costs, we adopt heterodyne detection at the 2nd sub-harmonic, working with continuous-wave (CW) radiation for object illumination at 600 GHz and local-oscillator (LO) radiation at 300 GHz. The detector is a single-pixel broad-band Si CMOS TeraFET equipped with substrate lenses on both the front- and backside for separate in-coupling of the waves. The entire scene is illuminated by the object wave, and the Fourier spectrum is recorded by raster scanning of the single detector unit through the focal plane. With only 56 uW of power of the 600-GHz radiation, a dynamic range of 60 dB is reached, sufficient to detect the entire accessible Fourier space spectrum in the test measurements. A lateral spatial resolution of better than 0.5 mm, at the diffraction limit, is reached.