Key challenges for the surveillance of respiratory viruses: transitioning out of the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

TL;DR

This paper discusses the challenges and considerations in developing sustainable, integrated surveillance systems for respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza post-pandemic, emphasizing the need for adaptable public health strategies.

Contribution

It provides an analysis of current surveillance practices, their limitations, and offers insights into designing effective, long-term integrated respiratory virus surveillance models.

Findings

Pandemic-driven surveillance approaches may not be sustainable long-term.

Existing surveillance systems require review to adapt to co-circulating viruses.

Integrated models can enhance epidemiological assessment and public health response.

Abstract

To support the ongoing management of viral respiratory diseases, many countries are moving towards an integrated model of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other respiratory pathogens. While many surveillance approaches catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic provide novel epidemiological insight, continuing them as implemented during the pandemic is unlikely to be feasible for non-emergency surveillance, and many have already been scaled back. Furthermore, given anticipated co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, surveillance activities in place prior to the pandemic require review and adjustment to ensure their ongoing value for public health. In this perspective, we highlight key challenges for the development of integrated models of surveillance. We discuss the relative strengths and limitations of different surveillance practices and studies, their contribution to epidemiological assessment, forecasting, and public health decision making.