Mid-circuit operations using the omg-architecture in neutral atom arrays

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates mid-circuit operations in a 48-site neutral atom array using the omg-architecture in ${}^{171}$Yb, achieving high-fidelity control, non-destructive measurement, and reset capabilities for quantum information processing.

Contribution

It introduces new methods for controlling the omg-architecture in ${}^{171}$Yb, enabling mid-circuit operations with high fidelity and non-destructive measurement in a neutral atom array.

Findings

Achieved single-qubit fidelities of 99.968%, 99.12%, and 99.804% for ground, metastable, and optical qubits.

Demonstrated non-destructive state detection and reinitialization in ${}^{171}$Yb.

Observed mid-circuit measurement errors of around 1.8% to 4.5%.

Abstract

We implement mid-circuit operations in a 48-site array of neutral atoms, enabled by new methods for control of the $\textit{omg}$ (optical-metastable-ground state qubit) architecture present in ${}^{171}$Yb. We demonstrate laser-based control of ground, metastable and optical qubits with average single-qubit fidelities of $F_{g} = 99.968(3)$, $F_{m} = 99.12(4)$ and $F_{o} = 99.804(8)$. With state-sensitive shelving between the ground and metastable states, we realize a non-destructive state-detection for $^{171}$Yb, and reinitialize in the ground state with either global control or local feed-forward operations. We use local addressing of the optical clock transition to perform mid-circuit operations, including measurement, spin reset, and motional reset in the form of ground-state cooling. In characterizing mid-circuit measurement on ground-state qubits, we observe raw errors of $1.8(6)\%$ on ancilla qubits and $4.5(1.0)\%$ on data qubits, with the former (latter) uncorrected for $1.0(2)\%$ ($2.0(2)\%$) preparation and measurement error; we observe similar performance for mid-circuit reset operations. The reported realization of the $\textit{omg}$ architecture and mid-circuit operations are door-opening for many tasks in quantum information science, including quantum error-correction, entanglement generation, and metrology.