Equation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard Model

TL;DR

This paper measures the equation of state and thermometry of the 2D SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard Model in optical lattices, providing experimental benchmarks for numerical methods and advancing understanding of multi-component fermionic systems.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental characterization of the EoS for SU(N>2) Fermi-Hubbard models in 2D optical lattices, including thermometry techniques and benchmarking of numerical methods.

Findings

Measured density and occupation probabilities for N=3,4,6.

Benchmark data for DQMC and NLCE methods.

Developed model-independent thermometry based on density fluctuations.

Abstract

We characterize the equation of state (EoS) of the SU($N>2$) Fermi-Hubbard Model (FHM) in a two-dimensional single-layer square optical lattice. We probe the density and the site occupation probabilities as functions of interaction strength and temperature for $N = 3, 4$ and 6. Our measurements are used as a benchmark for state-of-the-art numerical methods including determinantal quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) and numerical linked cluster expansion (NLCE). By probing the density fluctuations, we compare temperatures determined in a model-independent way by fitting measurements to numerically calculated EoS results, making this a particularly interesting new step in the exploration and characterization of the SU($N$) FHM.