Three-dimensional Isotropic Droplets in Rydberg-dressed Bose Gases

TL;DR

This paper predicts and analyzes the formation of stable, isotropic three-dimensional droplets in Rydberg-dressed Bose gases, highlighting their properties, stability, and potential for exploring superfluid phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed beyond mean-field theoretical framework for creating and studying 3D droplets in Rydberg-dressed Bose gases under realistic conditions.

Findings

Stable isotropic droplets with flat-top density profiles identified.

Droplet chemical potential decreases with increasing particle number.

Droplets are distinguishable from solitons by density and quantum depletion.

Abstract

We predict a scheme for the creation of isotropic three-dimensional droplets in Rydbeg-dressed Bose gases, which contain both repulsive contact interactions and attractive van der Waals interactions causing the quantum fluctuation effect non-negligible. We present detailed beyond mean-field calculations with Lee-Huang-Yang correction and demonstrate the existence of isotropic droplets under realistic experimental conditions. Stable droplets possess flat-top density distribution, and their chemical potentials decrease with the particle number expansion towarding a critical value. We distinguish droplets from bright solitons through peak density, width of condensate and quantum depletion calculations. We summarize a phase diagram of realizing droplets, and subsequently highlight the stability of droplets by real time evolution as well as collisions. Our work provides a novel platform for investigating excitation spectrum and superfluid nature of droplets.