Efficient and secure quantum network coding based on quantum full homomorphic encryption

TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient and secure quantum network coding protocol leveraging $d$-dimensional quantum full homomorphic encryption, enabling secure quantum information transfer with minimal quantum gates and key length.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum network coding protocol based on $d$-dimensional quantum full homomorphic encryption, improving efficiency and security over existing methods.

Findings

Protocol is correct and resistant to dishonest nodes and eavesdroppers.

Requires only 1 quantum gate and a key of length 2 in encryption.

Supports transfer in $d$-dimensional quantum systems.

Abstract

Based on $d$-dimensional quantum full homomorphic encryption, an efficient and secure quantum network coding protocol is proposed in this paper. First, a quantum full homomorphic encryption protocol is constructed utilizing $d$-dimensional universal quantum gates. On this basis, an efficient quantum network coding protocol is proposed. In the protocol, two source nodes encrypt their respective prepared quantum states with the quantum full homomorphic encryption protocol. The two intermediate nodes successively perform homomorphic evaluation of the received quantum states. Finally, the two sink nodes recover the quantum states transmitted by the two source nodes in the butterfly network depending on their measurement results. The performance analysis shows that the proposed quantum network coding protocol is correct and resistant to attacks launched by dishonest intermediate nodes and external eavesdroppers. Compared to related protocols, the proposed protocol not only enables to transfer information in $d$-dimensional quantum system, but also requires only 1 quantum gate and a key of length 2 in the encryption phase, which makes the protocol has higher efficiency.