Diffuse Neutrino Flux Based on the Rates of Core-collapse Supernovae and Black Hole Formation Deduced from a Novel Galactic Chemical Evolution Model

TL;DR

This paper models the diffuse supernova neutrino background using a novel galactic chemical evolution approach, considering variable IMFs and black hole formation, predicting enhanced neutrino fluxes and assessing detectability at large neutrino observatories.

Contribution

Introduces a new galactic chemical evolution model with variable IMF and black hole formation to improve DSNB flux predictions and evaluate detection prospects.

Findings

Enhanced DSNB neutrino flux at energies above 30 MeV and below 10 MeV.

Predicted event rates at Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande.

Model discrimination capabilities at neutrino detectors.

Abstract

Fluxes of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) are calculated based on a new modeling of galactic chemical evolution, where a variable stellar initial mass function (IMF) depending on the galaxy type is introduced and black hole (BH) formation from the failed supernova is considered for progenitors heavier than 18$M_{\odot}$. The flux calculations are performed for different combinations of the star formation rate, nuclear equation of state, and neutrino mass hierarchy to examine the systematic effects from these factors. In any case, our new model predicts the enhanced DSNB $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ flux at $E_\nu \gtsim 30$~MeV and $E_\nu \ltsim 10$~MeV due to more frequent BH formation and a larger core-collapse rate at high redshifts in early-type galaxies, respectively. Event rate spectra of the DSNB $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ at a detector from the new model are shown and the detectability at water-based Cherenkov detectors, Super-Kamiokande with a gadolinium dissolution and Hyper-Kamiokande, is discussed. In order to investigate the impacts of the assumptions in the new model, we prepare alternative models, based on different IMF forms and treatments of BH formation, and estimate the discrimination capabilities between the new and alternative models at these detectors.