How to wire a 1000-qubit trapped ion quantum computer

TL;DR

This paper introduces WISE, a control architecture for trapped-ion quantum computers that reduces I/O requirements and enables scalable operation of a 1000-qubit system with minimal external signals.

Contribution

The paper presents WISE, a novel control architecture integrating simple switching electronics into ion trap chips to address the wiring challenge in scaling quantum computers.

Findings

Enables operation of a 1000-qubit trapped ion quantum computer with ~200 signals.

Achieves quantum gate speeds of 40 to 2600 layers per second.

Reduces I/O requirements significantly without performance loss.

Abstract

One of the most formidable challenges of scaling up quantum computers is that of control signal delivery. Today's small-scale quantum computers typically connect each qubit to one or more separate external signal sources. This approach is not scalable due to the I/O limitations of the qubit chip, necessitating the integration of control electronics. However, it is no small feat to shrink control electronics into a small package that is compatible with qubit chip fabrication and operation constraints without sacrificing performance. This so-called "wiring challenge" is likely to impact the development of more powerful quantum computers even in the near term. In this paper, we address the wiring challenge of trapped-ion quantum computers. We describe a control architecture called WISE (Wiring using Integrated Switching Electronics), which significantly reduces the I/O requirements of ion trap quantum computing chips without compromising performance. Our method relies on judiciously integrating simple switching electronics into the ion trap chip - in a way that is compatible with its fabrication and operation constraints - while complex electronics remain external. To demonstrate its power, we describe how the WISE architecture can be used to operate a fully connected 1000-qubit trapped ion quantum computer using ~ 200 signal sources at a speed of ~ 40 - 2600 quantum gate layers per second.