Unveiling the small-scale jets in the rapidly growing supermassive black hole IZw1

TL;DR

This study used high-resolution VLBI observations to detect and analyze small-scale, episodic jets in the supermassive black hole system IZw1, shedding light on jet behavior in super-Eddington accreting AGNs.

Contribution

First direct detection and characterization of small-scale, episodic jets in the super-Eddington AGN IZw1 using VLBI techniques, revealing jet properties and their analogy to X-ray binary states.

Findings

Detected $ ext{~45 parsec}$ jets at 1.5 and 5 GHz.

Jets show episodic ejections with no flat-spectrum core.

Jet properties support AGN/XRB analogy in extreme accretion states.

Abstract

Accretion of black holes at near-Eddington or super-Eddington rates is the most powerful episode that drives black hole growth, and it may work in several types of objects. However, the physics of accretion and jet-disc coupling in such a state remains unclear, mainly because the associated jets are not easily detectable due to the extremely weak emission or possibly episodic nature of the jets. Only a few near/super-Eddington systems have demonstrated radio activity, and it remains unclear whether there is a jet and what are their properties, in super-Eddington active galactic nuclei (AGNs) (and ultraluminous X-ray sources). The deficit is mainly due to the complex radio mixing between the origins of jets and others, such as star formation activity, photo-ionized gas, accretion disk wind, and coronal activity. In this work, we conducted high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations to explore the jets in the highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert I system IZw1. Our observations successfully revealed small-scale jets (with a linear size of $\sim45$ parsec) at both 1.5 and 5 GHz, based on the high radio brightness temperature, radio morphology, and spectral index distribution. Interestingly, the lack of a flat-spectrum radio core and knotty jet structures imply episodic ejections in IZw1, which resemble the ejection process in Galactic X-ray binaries that are in the canonical very high state. The high accretion rates and jet properties in the AGN IZw1 may support the AGN/XRB analogy in the extreme state.