Analytic three-dimensional primary hair charged black holes and thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper introduces new three-dimensional charged black hole solutions with scalar hair in anti-de Sitter space, analyzing their thermodynamics and phase transitions, revealing similarities to higher-dimensional black holes.

Contribution

The authors analytically derive exact hairy black hole solutions with various scalar-Maxwell couplings in three dimensions and study their thermodynamic phase structures.

Findings

Existence of critical hairy parameters for phase transitions.

Presence of Hawking/Page and small/large black hole phase transitions.

Thermodynamic behavior resembles higher-dimensional RN-AdS black holes.

Abstract

We present and discuss new families of primary hair charged black hole solutions in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space in three dimensions. The coupled Einstein-Maxwell-scalar gravity system, that carries the coupling $f(\phi)$ between the scalar and Maxwell fields is solved, and exact hairy black hole solutions are obtained analytically. The hairy solutions are obtained for three different profiles of the coupling function: (i) $f(\phi)=1$, corresponding to no direct coupling between the scalar and Maxwell fields, (ii) $f(\phi)=e^{-\phi}$, and (iii) $f(\phi)=e^{-\phi^2/2}$; corresponding to non-minimal coupling between them. For all these couplings the scalar field and curvature scalars are regular everywhere outside the horizon. We analyze the thermodynamics of the hairy black hole and find drastic changes in its thermodynamic structure due to the scalar field. For $f(\phi)=1$, there exists a critical value of the hairy parameter above which the charged hairy black hole exhibits the Hawking/Page phase transition, whereas no such phase transition occurs below this critical value. Similarly, for $f(\phi)=e^{-\phi}$ and $f(\phi)=e^{-\phi^2/2}$, the hairy solution exhibits a small/large black hole phase transition for above critical values of the hairy parameter. Interestingly, for these couplings, the thermodynamic phase diagram of three-dimensional hairy charged black holes resembles that of a higher-dimensional RN-AdS black hole, albeit with two second-order critical points.