Algorithmic Pluralism: A Structural Approach To Equal Opportunity

TL;DR

This paper introduces a structural framework called algorithmic pluralism to promote equal opportunity in decision-making systems by reducing severe bottlenecks and encouraging diverse algorithmic approaches.

Contribution

It extends Fishkin's bottleneck theory to address systemic inequality in algorithms, proposing a pluralistic approach for system design and regulation.

Findings

Identifies bottlenecks as key to opportunity access

Proposes reducing severe bottlenecks to enhance equality

Discusses implications for algorithmic hiring regulation

Abstract

We present a structural approach toward achieving equal opportunity in systems of algorithmic decision-making called algorithmic pluralism. Algorithmic pluralism describes a state of affairs in which no set of algorithms severely limits access to opportunity, allowing individuals the freedom to pursue a diverse range of life paths. To argue for algorithmic pluralism, we adopt Joseph Fishkin's theory of bottlenecks, which focuses on the structure of decision-points that determine how opportunities are allocated. The theory contends that each decision-point or bottleneck limits access to opportunities with some degree of severity and legitimacy. We extend Fishkin's structural viewpoint and use it to reframe existing systemic concerns about equal opportunity in algorithmic decision-making, such as patterned inequality and algorithmic monoculture. In proposing algorithmic pluralism, we argue for the urgent priority of alleviating severe bottlenecks in algorithmic decision-making. We contend that there must be a pluralism of opportunity available to many different individuals in order to promote equal opportunity in a systemic way. We further show how this framework has several implications for system design and regulation through current debates about equal opportunity in algorithmic hiring.