Dynamics of false vacuum bubbles with trapped particles

TL;DR

This paper investigates how trapped particles influence the collapse of false vacuum bubbles, showing that particle backreaction can slow or reverse collapse, affecting black hole formation.

Contribution

It introduces a coupled bubble-particle simulation to analyze how particle mass buildup impacts false vacuum bubble dynamics and collapse outcomes.

Findings

Particle mass increase inside bubbles alters collapse behavior

Backreaction can slow or reverse bubble collapse

Heavier particles in true vacuum reduce black hole formation likelihood

Abstract

We study the impact of the ambient fluid on the evolution of collapsing false vacuum bubbles by simulating the dynamics of a coupled bubble-particle system. A significant increase in the mass of the particles across the bubble wall leads to a buildup of those particles inside the false vacuum bubble. We show that the backreaction of the particles on the bubble slows or even reverses the collapse. Consequently, if the particles in the true vacuum become heavier than in the false vacuum, the particle-wall interactions always decrease the compactness that the false vacuum bubbles can reach making their collapse to black holes less likely.