Self-contained relaxation-based dynamical Ising machines

TL;DR

This paper introduces a self-contained relaxation-based dynamical Ising machine, the V2 model, which dynamically solves the rounding problem and converges to maximum cut states, enhancing the efficiency of solving NP-complete problems.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel continuous dynamical system, the V2 model, that self-containably solves the rounding problem and guarantees convergence to maximum cut states.

Findings

V2 model terminates in a state that trivially rounds to a near-optimal binary state.

The V2 machine converges to a maximum cut state with high probability when starting from a random perturbation.

Relaxation-based dynamical Ising machines can be made self-contained, eliminating the need for external post-processing.

Abstract

Dynamical Ising machines are based on continuous dynamical systems evolving from a generic initial state to a state strongly related to the ground state of the classical Ising model on a graph. Reaching the ground state is equivalent to finding the maximum (weighted) cut of the graph, which presents the Ising machines as an alternative way to solving and investigating NP-complete problems. Among the dynamical models, relaxation-based models are distinguished by their relations with guarantees of performance achieved in time scaling polynomially with the problem size. However, the terminal states of such machines are essentially non-binary, necessitating special post-processing relying on disparate computing. We show that an Ising machine implementing a special continuous dynamical system (called the V${}_2$ model) solves the rounding problem dynamically. We prove that the V${}_2$ model, starting from an arbitrary non-binary state, terminates in a state that trivially rounds to a binary state with the cut at least as big as obtained by optimal rounding of the initial state. Besides showing that relaxation-based dynamical Ising machines can be made self-contained, this result presents a non-Boolean realization of solving a non-trivial information processing task on Ising machines. Moreover, we prove that if the initial state of the V${}_2$-machine is a random limited amplitude perturbation of a binary state, the machine progresses to a state with at least as high cut as that of the initial binary state. Since the probability of improving the cut is finite, this shows that the V${}_2$-machine with random agitations converges to a maximum cut state almost surely.