Low-dimensional quantum gases in curved geometries

TL;DR

This paper reviews the experimental and theoretical progress in understanding low-dimensional quantum gases confined in curved geometries, highlighting their unique features, phase transitions, and superfluid dynamics, and outlining future research directions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on curved quantum gases, emphasizing experimental realizations and theoretical insights into their unique properties.

Findings

Experimental realization of shell-shaped quantum gases

Analysis of phase transitions in curved geometries

Insights into superfluid dynamics on curved surfaces

Abstract

Atomic gases confined in curved geometries are characterized by distinctive features that are absent in their flat counterparts, such as periodic boundaries, local curvature, and nontrivial topologies. The recent experiments with shell-shaped quantum gases and the study of ring-shaped superfluids point out that the manifold of a quantum gas could soon become a controllable feature, thus allowing to address the fundamental study of curved many-body quantum systems. Here, we review the main geometries realized in the experiments, analyzing the theoretical and experimental status on their phase transitions and on the superfluid dynamics. In perspective, we delineate the study of vortices, the few-body physics, and the search for analog models in various curved geometries as the most promising research areas.