Magnetism in the two-dimensional dipolar XY model

TL;DR

This study uses advanced numerical methods to analyze the equilibrium properties and phase diagram of a two-dimensional dipolar XY model inspired by recent Rydberg atom experiments, revealing critical behaviors and thermodynamic conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive numerical analysis of the dipolar XY model, including phase diagram, critical properties, and thermometry, extending techniques to a U(1) symmetric setting.

Findings

Determined the phase diagram and critical properties of the model.

Established thermodynamic conditions and entropy levels near criticality.

Suggested the existence of out-of-equilibrium correlation plateaus.

Abstract

Motivated by a recent experiment on a square-lattice Rydberg atom array realizing a long-range dipolar XY model [Chen et al., Nature (2023)], we numerically study the model's equilibrium properties. We obtain the phase diagram, critical properties, entropies, variance of the magnetization, and site-resolved correlation functions. We consider both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and apply quantum Monte Carlo and pseudo-Majorana functional renormalization group techniques, generalizing the latter to a U(1) symmetric setting. Our simulations perform extensive thermometry for the first time in dipolar Rydberg atom arrays and establish conditions for adiabaticity and thermodynamic equilibrium. On the ferromagnetic side of the experiment, we determine the entropy per particle S/N~0.5, close to the one at the critical temperature, S_c/N = 0.585(15). The simulations suggest the presence of an out-of-equilibrium plateau at large distances in the correlation function, thus motivating future studies on the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system.