Generalized chiral instabilities, linking numbers, and non-invertible symmetries

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal mechanism called generalized chiral instabilities in massless Abelian p-form gauge theories, linking electric field decay, magnetic field generation, and non-invertible symmetries across various models.

Contribution

It unifies the understanding of chiral instabilities in different gauge theories through the concept of generalized chiral instabilities and their relation to linking numbers and non-invertible symmetries.

Findings

Demonstrates the mechanism in multiple models including axion electrodynamics and Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory.

Shows that magnetic fields tend to decrease initial electric fields in these instabilities.

Connects the instability phenomena to topological and symmetry structures like linking numbers and non-invertible symmetries.

Abstract

We demonstrate a universal mechanism of a class of instabilities in infrared regions for massless Abelian $p$-form gauge theories with topological interactions, which we call generalized chiral instabilities. Such instabilities occur in the presence of initial electric fields for the $p$-form gauge fields. We show that the dynamically generated magnetic fields tend to decrease the initial electric fields and result in configurations with linking numbers, which can be characterized by non-invertible global symmetries. The so-called chiral plasma instability and instabilities of the axion electrodynamics and $(4+1)$-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in electric fields can be described by the generalized chiral instabilities in a unified manner. We also illustrate this mechanism in the $(2+1)$-dimensional Goldstone-Maxwell model in electric field.