The Dark Side of ChatGPT: Legal and Ethical Challenges from Stochastic Parrots and Hallucination

TL;DR

This paper discusses the legal and ethical challenges posed by large language models like ChatGPT, focusing on risks such as hallucinations and stochastic parrots, and argues that current EU regulations may be insufficient.

Contribution

It highlights the emerging risks of LLMs and advocates for evolving EU AI regulations to better address issues like hallucinations and stochastic parrots.

Findings

LLMs introduce significant legal and ethical risks.

Current EU regulations may underestimate these risks.

Regulatory evolution is necessary to mitigate LLM-related challenges.

Abstract

With the launch of ChatGPT, Large Language Models (LLMs) are shaking up our whole society, rapidly altering the way we think, create and live. For instance, the GPT integration in Bing has altered our approach to online searching. While nascent LLMs have many advantages, new legal and ethical risks are also emerging, stemming in particular from stochastic parrots and hallucination. The EU is the first and foremost jurisdiction that has focused on the regulation of AI models. However, the risks posed by the new LLMs are likely to be underestimated by the emerging EU regulatory paradigm. Therefore, this correspondence warns that the European AI regulatory paradigm must evolve further to mitigate such risks.