Surprises in the Deep Hilbert Space of all-to-all systems: From super-exponential scrambling to slow entanglement growth

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex quantum dynamics of all-to-all spin systems beyond the symmetric subspace, revealing super-exponential OTOC growth, explosive Krylov complexity, and slow entanglement growth in the deep Hilbert space.

Contribution

It uncovers surprising dynamical behaviors in the deep Hilbert space of all-to-all systems, including super-exponential OTOC growth and slow entanglement growth, contrasting with traditional symmetric space results.

Findings

OTOC can grow super-exponentially in the large N limit.

Krylov complexity exhibits explosive growth.

Entanglement growth remains slow despite fast OTOC growth.

Abstract

The quantum dynamics of spin systems with uniform all-to-all interaction are often studied in the totally symmetric space (TSS) of maximal total spin. However the TSS states are atypical in the full many-body Hilbert space. In this work, we explore several aspects of the all-to-all quantum dynamics away from the TSS, and reveal surprising features of the "deep Hilbert space" (DHS). We study the out-of-time order correlator (OTOC) in the infinite-temperature ensemble of the full Hilbert space. We derive a phase-space representation of the DHS OTOC and show that the OTOC can grow super-exponentially in the large $N$ limit, due to the fast dynamics in an unbounded phase space (in finite systems, we observe numerically that the super-exponential growth ends precociously and gives way to a power-law one until saturation). By a similar mechanism, the Krylov complexity grows explosively. We also study the entanglement growth in a quantum quench from a DHS product state, i.e., one of non-aligned spins that resemble the DHS infinite-temperature ensemble with respect to the statistics of the collective spins. Using a field-theoretical method, We exactly calculate the entanglement entropy in the large $N$ limit. We show that, in the DHS, fast OTOC growth does not imply fast entanglement growth, in contrast to the Zurek-Paz relation derived in the TSS.