Thermodynamics of a rotating hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interaction

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of a rotating hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interactions, analyzing how rotation and interactions influence properties like pressure, energy density, and phase transitions in high-energy collision environments.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive study of rotating hadronic matter with van der Waals interactions, incorporating rotational chemical potential and analyzing phase transitions and fluctuations.

Findings

Thermodynamic quantities depend on temperature and rotation chemical potential.

Rotational effects significantly influence phase transition behavior.

Possible liquid-gas phase transition identified in the T–ω phase space.

Abstract

Studying the thermodynamics of the systems produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is crucial in understanding the QCD phase diagram. Recently, a new avenue has opened regarding the implications of large initial angular momentum and subsequent vorticity in the medium evolution in high-energy collisions. This adds a new type of chemical potential into the partonic and hadronic systems, called the rotational chemical potential. We study the thermodynamics of an interacting hadronic matter under rotation, formed in an ultra-relativistic collision. We introduce attractive and repulsive interactions through the van der Waals equation of state. Thermodynamic properties like the pressure ($P$), energy density ($\varepsilon$), entropy density ($s$), trace anomaly ($(\varepsilon - 3P)/T^{4}$), specific heat ($c_{\rm v}$) and squared speed of sound ($c_{\rm s}^{2}$) are studied as functions of temperature ($T$) for zero and finite rotation chemical potential. The conserved charge fluctuations, which can be quantified by their respective susceptibilities, are also studied. The rotational (spin) density corresponding to the rotational chemical potential is explored. In addition, we explore the possible liquid-gas phase transition in the hadron gas with van der Waals interaction in the $T$ -- $\omega$ phase space.