Hydrodynamic electronic transport

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advances in understanding hydrodynamic electronic transport, where electrons in ultraclean metals flow collectively like a fluid, contrasting with traditional diffusive conduction.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the field of hydrodynamic electron flow, highlighting key developments and findings.

Findings

Evidence of hydrodynamic electron flow in graphene-based devices

Theoretical models describing electron hydrodynamics

Experimental techniques detecting collective electron behavior

Abstract

The ``flow'' of electric currents and heat in standard metals is diffusive with electronic motion randomized by impurities. However, for ultraclean metals, electrons can flow like water with their flow being described by the equations of hydrodynamics. While theoretically postulated, this situation was highly elusive for decades. In the last decade, several experimental groups have found strong indications for this type of flow, especially in graphene-based devices. In this review, we give an overview of some of the recent key developments, both on the theoretical and experimental side.