Symmetry-resolved entanglement in critical non-Hermitian systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates symmetry-resolved entanglement in a critical non-Hermitian quantum chain, revealing how to define meaningful entanglement measures despite non-positiveness and complex values of the reduced density matrix.

Contribution

It extends symmetry-resolved entanglement analysis to non-Hermitian systems, deriving analytical expressions and defining positive-definite entanglement measures in each charge sector.

Findings

Derived charged moments of the reduced density matrix and its absolute value.

Identified the origin of non-positiveness in the reduced density matrix.

Provided analytical distribution of the critical entanglement spectrum.

Abstract

The study of entanglement in the symmetry sectors of a theory has recently attracted a lot of attention since it provides better understanding of some aspects of quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we extend this analysis to the case of non-Hermitian models, in which the reduced density matrix $\rho_A$ may be non-positive definite and the entanglement entropy negative or even complex. Here we examine in detail the symmetry-resolved entanglement in the ground state of the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain at the critical point, a model that preserves particle number and whose scaling limit is a $bc$-ghost non-unitary CFT. By combining bosonization techniques in the field theory and exact lattice numerical calculations, we analytically derive the charged moments of $\rho_A$ and $|\rho_A|$. From them, we can understand the origin of the non-positiveness of $\rho_A$ and naturally define a positive-definite reduced density matrix in each charge sector, which gives a well-defined symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy. As byproduct, we also obtain the analytical distribution of the critical entanglement spectrum.