In-Situ Calibration of Antenna Arrays for Positioning With 5G Networks
Mengguan Pan, Shengheng Liu, Peng Liu, Wangdong Qi, Yongming Huang,, Wang Zheng, Qihui Wu, Markus Gardill

TL;DR
This paper introduces an in-situ calibration method for 5G antenna arrays that improves DOA-based positioning accuracy by estimating array errors using reference signals in real environments, validated through simulations and field tests.
Contribution
It presents a novel in-situ calibration framework that leverages super-resolution delay estimation to correct array errors in 5G positioning systems, especially for small-cell indoor deployments.
Findings
Achieved a 46.7% reduction in DOA estimation error in field tests.
Verified the method's effectiveness through numerical simulations.
Demonstrated superiority over existing calibration techniques.
Abstract
Owing to the ubiquity of cellular communication signals, positioning with the fifth generation (5G) signal has emerged as a promising solution in global navigation satellite system-denied areas. Unfortunately, although the widely employed antenna arrays in 5G remote radio units (RRUs) facilitate the measurement of the direction of arrival (DOA), DOA-based positioning performance is severely degraded by array errors. This paper proposes an in-situ calibration framework with a user terminal transmitting 5G reference signals at several known positions in the actual operating environment and the accessible RRUs estimating their array errors from these reference signals. Further, since sub-6GHz small-cell RRUs deployed for indoor coverage generally have small-aperture antenna arrays, while 5G signals have plentiful bandwidth resources, this work segregates the multipath components via…
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Taxonomy
TopicsDirection-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques · Antenna Design and Optimization · GNSS positioning and interference
MethodsTest
