Earthquakes and related anomalous electromagnetic radiation

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of VLF/LF and ULF electromagnetic emissions as universal precursors for earthquake prediction, highlighting their significance in understanding earthquake preparation processes.

Contribution

It proposes that VLF/LF emissions can predict inland earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher, and emphasizes the role of ULF radiations in lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling.

Findings

VLF/LF emissions may serve as main earthquake precursors.

ULF radiations are involved in lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere interactions.

Electromagnetic emissions are more universal indicators than other geophysical anomalies.

Abstract

According to the presented work, VLF/LF electromagnetic emissions might be declared as the main precursor of earthquakes since based on these very emissions, it might predict ($M\ge 5$) inland earthquakes. As for ULF radiations, it governs some processes going on in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) system. By these points, VLF/LF/ULF electromagnetic emissions have to consider more universal fields than other geophysical field anomalies during the earthquake preparation period up to aftershocks extinction.