Defects composed of kinks and Q-balls: analytical solutions and stability

TL;DR

This paper analytically identifies and analyzes the stability of various defect solutions in scalar field theories, including kinks, Q-balls, and their combinations, in (1+1)D Minkowski spacetime.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analytical classification and stability analysis of defect solutions combining kinks and Q-balls in scalar field theories.

Findings

Identified three types of defect solutions: pure kinks, kink-Q-ball composites, and Q-ball with non-topological solitons.

Analyzed the properties and linear stability of these solutions.

Discussed the conditions under which these defect solutions are stable.

Abstract

In this paper all the defect-type solutions in a family of scalar field theories with a real and a complex field in (1+1) dimensional Minkowski spacetime have been analytically identified. Three types of solutions have been found: (a) topological kinks without the presence of $Q$-balls, (b) defects which consist of a topological kink coupled with a $Q$-ball and (c) a one-parameter family of solutions where a $Q$-ball is combined with a non-topological soliton. The properties of these solutions and its linear stability are also discussed.