Frequency agile photonic integrated external cavity laser

TL;DR

This paper presents a cost-effective, low-noise, frequency agile RSOA-based integrated laser with high-speed, linear tuning capabilities suitable for FMCW LiDAR and frequency metrology, achieved through monolithic piezoelectric integration on silicon nitride circuits.

Contribution

It introduces the first low-cost, RSOA-based integrated laser with ultrafast, linear frequency tuning and demonstrates its application in FMCW LiDAR and target measurement.

Findings

Laser operates at 1550 nm with 6 mW output power.

Achieves 7 ns wavelength switching with 75 nW power consumption.

Demonstrates 1.5 GHz tuning over 100 kHz chirp rate with 0.25% nonlinearity.

Abstract

Recent advances in the development of ultra-low loss silicon nitride integrated photonic circuits have heralded a new generation of integrated lasers capable of reaching fiber laser coherence. However, these devices presently are based on self-injection locking of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes, increasing both the cost and requiring tuning of laser setpoints for their operation. In contrast, turn-key legacy laser systems use reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOA). While this scheme has been utilized for integrated photonics-based lasers, so far, no cost-effective RSOA-based integrated lasers exist that are low noise and simultaneously feature fast, mode-hop-free and linear frequency tuning as required for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR or for laser locking in frequency metrology. Here we overcome this challenge and demonstrate a RSOA-based, frequency agile integrated laser, that can be tuned with high speed, with high linearity at low power. This is achieved using monolithic integration of piezoelectrical actuators on ultra-low loss silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits in a Vernier filter-based laser scheme. The laser operates at 1550 nm, features 6 mW output power, 400 Hz intrinsic laser linewidth, and allows ultrafast wavelength switching within 7 ns rise time and 75 nW power consumption. In addition, we demonstrate the suitability for FMCW LiDAR by showing laser frequency tuning over 1.5 GHz at 100 kHz triangular chirp rate with nonlinearity of 0.25% after linearization, and use the source for measuring a target scene 10 m away with a 8.5 cm distance resolution.