Compact multi-channel radio frequency pulse sequence generator with fast switching capability for cold atom interferometers

TL;DR

This paper presents a compact, multi-channel RF pulse generator with rapid switching capabilities, designed for cold atom interferometers, enabling faster control and improved performance in practical applications.

Contribution

The authors developed a novel FPGA-controlled multi-channel RF generator with preloaded parameters, achieving ultra-fast switching delays and high harmonic rejection for atom interferometry.

Findings

RF signals achieve 119 ns frequency switching delay

Harmonic rejection ratio of 40 dB

Atomic interference fringes with 38% contrast

Abstract

Cold atom interferometers have matured to a powerful tool in fundamental physics research, and they are currently on their way from realizations in the laboratory to applications in the real world. The radio frequency (RF) generator is an indispensable component to control lasers and then manipulate atoms. We developed a highly compact RF generator for fast switching and sweeping frequencies/amplitudes of atomic interference pulse sequences. Multi-channel RF signals are generated by using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to control eight direct digital synthesizers (DDSs). We further proposed and demonstrated a method of preloading the parameters of all RF pulse sequences to the DDS registers before the execution of the pulse sequences, which eliminates the data transfer between the FPGA and DDSs to change RF signals and thus sharply shortens the delay of frequency switching when the pulse sequences are running. The characterized performance shows the generated RF signals achieve 119 ns frequency switching delay, and 40 dB harmonic rejection ratio. The generated RF pulse sequences are applied to a cold atom-interferometer gyroscope, and the contrast of atomic interference fringes reaches 38%. This compact multi-channel generator with the fast frequency/amplitude switching or/and sweeping capability has beneficial applications for the real-world atom interferometers.