# Quantum simulation of the central spin model with a Rydberg atom and polar molecules in optical tweezers

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel quantum simulator using a Rydberg atom and polar molecules in optical tweezers to emulate central spin models with tunable interactions, enabling studies of decoherence and quantum information transfer.

## Contribution

It introduces a new ultracold quantum simulation platform combining Rydberg atoms and polar molecules for central spin models with controllable interactions and geometry.

## Key findings

- Demonstrates precise control over interaction strengths in a ring geometry
- Simulates central spin decay and spin transfer dynamics
- Shows potential for quantum information processing applications

## Abstract

Central spin models, where a single spinful particle interacts with a spin environment, find wide application in quantum information technology and can be used to describe, e.g., the decoherence of a qubit over time. We propose a method of realizing an ultracold quantum simulator of a central spin model with XX (spin-exchanging) interactions. The proposed system consists of a single Rydberg atom ("central spin") and surrounding polar molecules ("bath spins"), coupled to each other via dipole-dipole interactions. By mapping internal particle states to spin states, spin-exchanging interactions can be simulated. As an example system geometry, we consider a ring-shaped arrangement of bath spins, and show how it allows us to exact precise control over the interaction strengths. We numerically analyze two example dynamical scenarios which can be simulated in this setup: a decay of central spin polarization, which can represent qubit decoherence in a disordered environment, and a transfer of an input spin state to a specific output spin, which can represent the transmission of a single bit across a quantum network. We demonstrate that this setup allows us to realize a central spin model with highly tunable parameters and geometry, for applications in quantum science and technology.