# Electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm effect

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm scheme where a phase difference arises without magnetic flux enclosure, challenging traditional topological interpretations but ultimately reaffirming the effect's topological nature through electromagnetic field topology analysis.

## Contribution

It presents a novel electrodynamic AB scheme with phase differences without flux enclosure, clarifying the topological nature of the effect in this new context.

## Key findings

- Phase difference occurs without magnetic flux enclosure.
- Topological analysis confirms the effect's topological nature.
- Electromagnetic field configuration explains the phase shift.

## Abstract

We propose an electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) scheme where a nonzero AB phase difference appears even if the interferometer paths do not enclose a magnetic flux and are subjected to negligible scalar potential differences during the propagation of the quantum charged particle. In the proposal, the current in a solenoid outside the interferometer varies in time while the quantum particle is in a superposition state inside two Faraday cages, such that it is always subjected to negligible electromagnetic fields. At first glance, this result could challenge the topological nature of the AB effect. However, by considering the topology of the electromagnetic field configuration and the possible particle trajectories in spacetime, we demonstrate the topological nature of this situation.