# Schwinger Pair Production in QCD from Flavor-Dependent Contact Interaction Model of Quarks

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the Schwinger mechanism in QCD, analyzing how quark-antiquark pair production varies with electric field, number of colors, and flavors using a flavor-dependent contact interaction model and Schwinger-Dyson equations.

## Contribution

It introduces a unified formalism combining Schwinger-Dyson equations with a flavor-dependent contact interaction to study pair production in QCD across different parameters.

## Key findings

- Pair production rate stabilizes and grows rapidly above critical electric field.
- Dynamical quark mass decreases with increasing electric field and flavor number.
- Transition from crossover to first-order chiral symmetry restoration at higher color numbers.

## Abstract

We study the Schwinger mechanism in QCD i.e., the quark-antiquark pair production rate $\Gamma$ in the presence of pure electric field strength $eE$, for a higher number of colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$. In this context, our unified formalism is based on the Schwinger-Dyson equations, flavor-dependent symmetry preserving vector-vector contact interaction model of quarks, and an optimal time regularization scheme. For fixed $N_c=3$ and $N_f=2$, the dynamically quark mass decreases as we increase $eE$ and near at and above the pseudo-critical electric field $eE_c$, the chiral symmetry is restored and quarks becomes unconfined. The pair production rate $\Gamma$ becomes stable and grows quickly above $eE_c$. For fixed $N_c=3$ and upon increasing $N_f$ the dynamical mass suppresses and as a result, the $eE_c$ reduces to its smaller values, the pair production rate $\Gamma$ tends to initiates and grows quickly for smaller values of $eE_c$. In contrast, for fixed $N_f=2$ and upon increasing $N_c$, the dynamical chiral symmetry is restored for larger and larger values of $eE_c$ and at $N_c\geq4$, the transition changes from smooth cross-over to the first order at some critical endpoint ($N_{c,p}, eE_{c,p}$). Consequently, the quark-antiquark production rate $\Gamma$ needs higher values of $eE_c$ for the stable and quick growth as we increase $N_c$. Our findings are satisfactory and in agreement with already predicted results for pair production rate (for fixed $N_c=3$ and $N_f=2$) by other reliable effective models of QCD.