Cybersecurity Challenges of Power Transformers

TL;DR

This paper explores cybersecurity vulnerabilities, attack scenarios, and risks associated with power transformers in modern electricity networks, emphasizing the need for understanding and addressing cyber threats to critical infrastructure.

Contribution

It systematically investigates cybersecurity challenges specific to smart power transformers, filling a gap in existing research focused mainly on distribution network equipment.

Findings

Identifies potential attack vectors and scenarios for power transformers.

Highlights the cybersecurity vulnerabilities of smart transformers.

Discusses the risks and implications of cyber attacks on critical power infrastructure.

Abstract

The rise of cyber threats on critical infrastructure and its potential for devastating consequences, has significantly increased. The dependency of new power grid technology on information, data analytic and communication systems make the entire electricity network vulnerable to cyber threats. Power transformers play a critical role within the power grid and are now commonly enhanced through factory add-ons or intelligent monitoring systems added later to improve the condition monitoring of critical and long lead time assets such as transformers. However, the increased connectivity of those power transformers opens the door to more cyber attacks. Therefore, the need to detect and prevent cyber threats is becoming critical. The first step towards that would be a deeper understanding of the potential cyber-attacks landscape against power transformers. Much of the existing literature pays attention to smart equipment within electricity distribution networks, and most methods proposed are based on model-based detection algorithms. Moreover, only a few of these works address the security vulnerabilities of power elements, especially transformers within the transmission network. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature that systematically investigate the cybersecurity challenges against the newly emerged smart transformers. This paper addresses this shortcoming by exploring the vulnerabilities and the attack vectors of power transformers within electricity networks, the possible attack scenarios and the risks associated with these attacks.