# EDGE: The shape of dark matter haloes in the faintest galaxies

## TL;DR

This study investigates the shapes and velocity anisotropy of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies using high-resolution simulations, revealing that gas-poor ultra-faints retain their prolate dark matter halo shapes, while gas-rich ones become rounder and more oblate.

## Contribution

First simulation-based analysis of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy shapes and anisotropy, highlighting the impact of gas content on dark matter halo morphology.

## Key findings

- Gas-poor ultra-faints retain prolate DM halo shapes.
- Gas-rich ultra-faints become rounder and more oblate.
- Most dwarfs exhibit significant radial velocity anisotropy.

## Abstract

Collisionless Dark Matter Only (DMO) structure formation simulations predict that Dark Matter (DM) haloes are prolate in their centres and triaxial towards their outskirts. The addition of gas condensation transforms the central DM shape to be rounder and more oblate. It is not clear, however, whether such shape transformations occur in `ultra-faint' dwarfs, which have extremely low baryon fractions. We present the first study of the shape and velocity anisotropy of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies that have gas mass fractions of $f_{\rm gas}(r<R_{\rm half}) < 0.06$. These dwarfs are drawn from the Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy formation's Edge (EDGE) project, using high resolution simulations that allow us to resolve DM halo shapes within the half light radius ($\sim 100\,$pc). We show that gas-poor ultra-faints ($M_{\rm 200c} \leqslant 1.5\times10^9\,$M$_\odot$; $f_{\rm gas} < 10^{-5}$) retain their pristine prolate DM halo shape even when gas, star formation and feedback are included. This could provide a new and robust test of DM models. By contrast, gas-rich ultra-faints ($M_{\rm 200c} > 3\times10^9\,$M$_\odot$; $f_{\rm gas} > 10^{-4}$) become rounder and more oblate within $\sim 10$ half light radii. Finally, we find that most of our simulated dwarfs have significant radial velocity anisotropy that rises to $\tilde{\beta} > 0.5$ at $R \gtrsim 3 R_{\rm half}$. The one exception is a dwarf that forms a rotating gas/stellar disc because of a planar, major merger. Such strong anisotropy should be taken into account when building mass models of gas-poor ultra-faints.