Fast wide-field quantum sensor based on solid-state spins integrated with a SPAD array

TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-speed, wide-field quantum sensor that integrates solid-state spins with a SPAD array, enabling rapid, sensitive, and spatially resolved quantum measurements for various applications.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel integration of SPAD arrays with solid-state spins in diamond, achieving fast, parallel quantum sensing at up to 100 kHz frame rate.

Findings

Achieved a 100 kHz frame rate for quantum sensing.

Demonstrated sensing of magnetic fields, temperature, strain, and charge dynamics.

Applicable to various quantum platforms beyond diamond.

Abstract

Achieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large-scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing, computation, simulation, and communication. Current quantum platforms in experimental atomic and optical physics based on CMOS sensors and CCD cameras are limited by either low sensitivity or slow operational speed. Here we integrate an array of single-photon avalanche diodes with solid-state spin defects in diamond to build a fast wide-field quantum sensor, achieving a frame rate up to 100~kHz. We present the design of the experimental setup to perform spatially resolved imaging of quantum systems. A few exemplary applications, including sensing DC and AC magnetic fields, temperature, strain, local spin density, and charge dynamics, are experimentally demonstrated using an NV ensemble diamond sample. The developed photon detection array is broadly applicable to other platforms such as atom arrays trapped in optical tweezers, optical lattices, donors in silicon, and rare earth ions in solids.